Also, obviously, but I am sure you are fully aware of this : at first, don’t use hubs or adapters, only native cables. As you know, hubs look simple, but can be more complex than expected : some slots may only transmit data while others only transmit power. And do not use any USB/A/B/C/lightning or whatever adapter. Some work perfectly, but some don’t.
Then, as you also know, for everything lightning, you better use genuine apple cables to be sure everything is perfectly routed inside. In particular, be careful about USB C cables (if you use any with adapters). USB C should be the solution to everything, but it can also be a mess, as some cables only transmit data or power.
All in all, I think the best test would be a direct computer (Mac or Windows) connection to your Buddy, (using only the square USB-B connector of the Buddy (with IOS/PC switch to PC). Because computers will provide enough power anyway. And you are using one cable instead of two.
So, if this computer to buddy direct connection to USB-B (the square one on the left, with switch to “PC”) does not work, with a straight working cable you trust, without any adapters or hubs, your Buddy has a defect (100%) and there is no workaround.
I mean, it is a quite simple device, it works or it doesn’t - it’s not like there are tons of settings you can try.
You will know once and for all.
PS : I read you have already tried with a computer (and I am only now seeing your video).